Photovoltaics,

364 IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS, VOL. 2, NO. 3, JULY 2012 Compositional Gradients in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films for solar Cells and Their Effects on Structural Defects Jens Dietrich, Daniel Abou-Ras, Thorsten Rissom, Thomas Unold, Hans-Werner Schock, and Christian Boit, Member, IEEE toyCu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber layers used in thin?lm solar cells exhibit, when crow in a multistage process, compositional gradients of Ga and In. In this study, the correlation coefficients meet by the Ga gradient and the microstructure are studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging combined with energy-dispersive roentgenogram spectroscopy (EDX), allowing the closing of structural defects and elemental distributions at monovular sample positions. The occurrence of linear defects (dislocations) and planar defects (stacking faults and microtwins) of CIGSe layers was studied by means of TEM images. The Ga distributions obtained from EDX elemental distribu tion maps and structural parameters from the books were used to calculate the wicket gate parameters c and a and the gradient dc/dx perpendicular to the substrate. We raise a correlation between the magnitude of dc/dx and the occurrence of dislocations at female genital organ individual large grains.

From the presented results, a threshold value of the Ga gradient of 1213at.%/?m can be estimated for the institution of mis?t dislocations. proponent TermsChalcopyrite-type, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe), dislocation, Ga gradient, microstructure. I. INTRODUCTION HIN-FILM solar cells with polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga) Se2 (CIGSe) absorber layers and embedded in! a ZnO/CdS/CIGSe/Mo/ ice-skating rink stack have reached powerconversion ef?ciencies of more than 20% [1], which is already comparable with(predicate) with those of multicrystalline silicon solar cells [2]. CIGSe thin ?lms grown in a multistage coevaporation process exhibit compositional gradients of Ga and In. The Ga submergence exhibits a local minimum of the [Ga]/([In]+[Ga]) (GGI) ratio...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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