Supervision & leadership skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Supervision & leadership skills - Essay ExampleA) According to Charles skilled and his motivation calculus theory, successful performance of either system is based on needs, results and effectiveness (Handy, 1993). The study of motivation calculus is concerned, basically, with w herefore people behave in a certain way. apply to Apple Corporation, motivation calculus can be described as the direction and persistence of action. The needs include individual characteristics, internal and away environment, and influences. It is concerned with why people choose a particular course of action in preference to others, and why they continue with a chosen action, often over a long period, and in the face of difficulties and problems. This type of communication provides additional channels of communication and provides a means of motivation, for example, through status, social interaction, variety in human action jobs, and informal methods of work.According to Handy, results imply the rol e of additional efforts and outcomes. In Apple, additional efforts help the company to increase revenue through continuous optimization of production. Handy relates motivation to psychological rewards such as the opportunity to use employees ability, a sense of challenge and achievement, receiving appreciation, positive recognition, and being treated in a caring and unselfish manner. The main problem in Apple is that employees and Executives have a completely different vision of companys culture and climate. Nevertheless, new direction proposed by John Scutley was aimed to incline organization from transition period to stability (Gibbs, Beer, 1991).The effectiveness means that the results be achieved. In order to be effective Apple tries to be responsive to external environmental influences. Apple operates inside a dynamic environment and it requires a structure and culture that are sensitive and readily adaptable to change. Culture is a major factor in the appropriateness of man agements methods of motivation. In addition to arrangements for the carrying out of organisational processes, management has a responsibility for creating a climate in which people are motivated to work willingly and effectively (Handy, 1993). John Adair developed an action-centered leadership approach which states that the effectiveness of the leader is dependent upon meeting three areas of need within the work group. The need to achieve the common task, the need for team maintenance, and the individual needs of group members (Robbins, 2004). The needs create three overlapping circles. Sculley tells that We are laborious to understand what works on a small scale that can work on a large scale. Mostly we have not succeeded here yet (Gibbs, Beer, 1991). So, without an explicit statement of strategy it becomes more difficult for expanding organisations to reconcile co-ordinated action with entrepreneurial effort. In Apple, a sense of belonging to the organization is rattling importa nt. It is built upon the loyalty essential to successful industrial relations. When Apple was a relatively small company, the sense of belonging was created by managers through ensuring that the workforce is informed, involved, share in success. Hotlinks discussion showed that there was a great necessity to implement a change in order to increase revenue goals. When changes were introduced, many employees felt that they are in a transition now, because we have lots of new people. Thus there is a need to balance structure with flat organization and