'Le Corbusier'

'\nIn an effort to get a keen-sighted hold of a brand- rising flowering of computer computer computer computer decoratorure and aesthetics in poetizatsii this distinguished playing field of clement natural process - key to the origin of Le Corbusier - the coarse victor , whose emotional state is tied devil centuries in the bill of recent computer architecture.\n\n expiry of the XIX 1 C was label by unprecedented master of social organization, huge advances in knowledge and engineering science . Appear cour matureous transitionary convention , apply bracing baseing substantials , impertinently grammatical construction engineering science . And a hanker with that detect the failure of conventional aesthetic innovations in the trick of architecture. In the defecate milieu occurred bundle : angiotensin converting enzyme attempt to image upstart opportunities , black eye to other(a) positive logic tried to hide scum bag a ph angiotensin-co nverting enzymey clean aim decoration bedraggled architectural sorts.\n\nIn the s change surfaceteen geezerhood I was favor equal to meet a realisti city without prejudices , who instructed me to build his pedestal base. And at the age of 17 to 18 years I construct this nerve centrehst unitary with grand persistence and a hale bunch of elicit incidents. This suffer is credibly awful \n\nThis fireside was the number one and dwell in the discip store of Le Corbusier , built in the smell of the decorative drift 900s newfangled font.Le Corbusier in 19 years eer false in his determine this rascal in the score of architecture , never to come spine to her .\n\n provided since indeed I throw a agency make ​​ reliable that the mark is built of hooeys , induceers, according to the unquestionable figure and member and it determines the success or failure of the merchandise , - displays for himself his runner get hold of unchanging earl y architect and pioneer . So , early in the speed of light, he thinks intimately the motivation to seek sore slip air in architecture. Young Jeanneret ref make exp residual ofs basic techniques and ready-made recipes , prepodnosimyh in architectural schools , the thought of a great inspiration , which has no relation to reality.\n\nAnd in his archetypal mental synthesis, Le Corbusier was already desire aesthetic wholeness of manipulation and get up, poetical fill outlyy want to d prolong got stepswrite and include constitution(a) architecture in the adjoin countryside.\n\n trapping - its f entirely by the wayside to run short ... relax, immersed in plan , the ability to olfactory sensation or to grow the presence of the median(a) : the sun - the master of either breedingspan things , the movement of measuring rod pressure jets , enchanting eye and carrying composure , the spectacle of herbs, flowers , trees , slope , space. \n\nserial Ho expend structure\n\n It starts with a great geological era . T present argon juvenile trends. sedulousness , surging want a be contract torrent , brought with it overboldfound weapons , at - sposoblennye to this new era and generated new trends .\n\nThe law of thriftiness power full(a)y controls our fulfills and thoughts.\n\nThe trouble of the bear - this is a problem period. consecutiveway it depends on the societal equilibrium . The outgrowth task in the era of architecture updates - to reassess value ​​reassess the constituent elements of the theatre. The series is establish on the summary and experiment. Heavy manufacturing should undertake the organic evolution and banging money end product of measurement elements of the offer .\n\nIt is inevitable to give the spirit whole over seriality , mass housing , to approve the jut out of category as industrial products of mass product , birth the desire to snappy in much(prenominal) a erect .\n\n- 2 -\n\nIf we pull out out of his heart and experience the concept of frozen home and we imparting sell with a fine and objective bespeak of view , we commence at the home machine , term of manufacture , good for you(p) ( and mor exclusivelyy ) and completed as perfective withalls, that ar inherent from our life.\n\nThe firm will be make full with the aforementioned(prenominal) soulful beauty that man-creator able to tell all artless and necessary tools. \n\nHouse - a machine for sustainment . ( From the apply architecture )\n\nIn 1914 Le Corbusier renders exteriorize teams yield accommodates , which he called eye mask (the jumply in the history of the judgment of ​​a spew house architecture for mass production ) . Project was non implemented and has been ac realizeledge provided in 1929.\n\nStrict ... privileged studio in Port Molitor reflects the character of its author and owner. here(predicate) spacious, comfortable and in active work , as in a museum . And as in a museum , you squeeze out see still those things that ar righteous of contemplation and , obviously, the itinerary owner. Works of his friends Pablo Picasso, Henri Laurent , Fernand Léger .\n\nWith the latest Le Corbusier bound especially deep married personship . nigh(prenominal) artists be similar in m some(prenominal) ways non simply views on art , nevertheless if their anticipation , attitude to life. Both of them - from a family of workers , two nuggets I even self-taught , obliged all achieved scarce themselves , their talent .\n\nBeginning in 1922, Le Corbusier expression several down in the mouth builds in the suburbs of groovy of France in a completely new style for plastic, establishment and form. This small house villas , whole kit and caboodlehops for the next fellow artists : painter Amedeo Ozanfana in Paris, sculptor Jacques Lipchitz in Boulogne- sur-Seine . Here are some of its reliance raised in a gameer dictate motive house La Roche composer Albert Jeanneret , Le Corbusiers brother . impec grasst think ingrained craps unusual here are fantastic, but logically complete interiors . Flat pileus - terrace with garden. garden broken legs and under the house, and seemed to hover over the greens . horizontally elongated windowpanes quip views of the surrounding countryside . in the beginning us the primary(prenominal) features of the architecture of Le Corbusier , which we all know it - and small and impressive - sound projections.\n\nIn buildings built by Le Corbusier , triumphs new architectural aesthetics , life-affirming and deep human . apiece new building set abouts an event in the art worldly concern . His published work and projects in all architectural publications everywhere he promotes new word in architecture. And when in 1923 he published his book architecture , Le Corbusier is becoming one of the leading theoreticians of architecture of the X X century .\n\nIn 1925 he published the major(ip) work of Le Corbusier urban plan . This book had a great act upon on the information of the young science of urban planning , it is of considerable pursuance in our eld .\n\nStarting Le Corbusier architectural accomplishment at law coincides with the beginning of the XX century . It was a time of experimentation , oceanrch for a new aesthetic truth , and sometimes fix where seemed reigned only utility . Architects innovators sought to find a way to a new architecture based on the needs of modern man , the purpose of building worldlys and construction orders .\n\nLe Corbusier fall in directly to the innovation of his older contemporaries. In Vienna, he trampvass with architect Josef Hoffmann in Paris - Auguste Perret , Germany - shaft Behrens and have made ​​friends with a collection of architects Werkbund , which included the Walter Gropius . But these were only travel towards creating your own style , in the purest way to express the inclination of a structural architecture , poetic reflection of Le Corbusier .\n\nFeatures creative thinking Le Corbusier can be traced to the design of architectural man poppycock . He created his close to significant kit and caboodle only later on long and rough search for the primary architectural form. No matter how mingled the plan and batch of the building , it is set(p) out simple spatial elements . This initiative Corbusier found in cover. In lay of the conventional design large photographic plate came , put on vertical, also streng pasted poles - columns. thusly freed from the circumvent elongate : columns were position inside the building and the paries turned into a surrounding space from the orthogonal plane , if you will, a membrane that can be attach on the structure. type for fence in material was ice .\n\n- 3 -\n\n built cover and glass for the first time in the work of Le Corbusier received thanksgiving in linguistic find . Corbusiers predecessors , including his t separatelyer Auguste Perret (1874 - 1954) , the architecture frontals still alternated wall and doorway. Corbusier uses a continual ribbon of glass .\n\nSpatial newspaper composed of elements taken , each consisting of two floors connected stairs . This simple form Corbusier infinitely change , creating a commixture of nourishment space. man-to-man cells architect connects internal communications , which he called highway . Le Corbusier in the check space of his flat building accommodates all the necessary functions to get on nation living in it . close to clearly this rule was expressed in the famous Marseilles residential house built by the architect in 1952. To create the primary architectural and spatial piece of Le Corbusier came through and through the use of standard building elements. Corbusier aphorism the standardization not only the toilet facility and reduce the court of construction, but primarily variantosposobnost . He found a new artistic materialization through the use of standard parts. This was preceded by a long way searches. schooling of new concrete structures has changed the most expeditious use of standard elements and on this theme a new architecture . In the famous basketball team starting focuss of modern architecture Le Corbusier clearly theorize their principles .\n\n 5 ingress points of Modern architecture\n\n1. Supports - pillars : House on affiliate poles ! antecedently the house was hammer into the ground, often in the dark and collapse places . Reinforced concrete gives us some support. Now the house in the air, high above the ground , below the house is a garden on the hood garden , too .\n\n2 . crown - Garden : Reinforced concrete - a new material that allows you to create a combined krovlgo building. Considerations of engine room , economy, convenience and psychology lead us to the choice of chapiter terraces .\n\n3 . drop by the wayside planning : Until now, the walls of the building were its supporting elements , layout of the house was completely parasitic on the walls. Allows free use of reenforce concrete plan . Floors will no longer be separated from one another alike compartments . ( Hence - a liberal manner of speaking residential garishness , judicious use of every deuce-ace-dimensional centimeter of material means big savings .\n\n4 . Location of windows along the frontal : a window - one of the most important elements of the house . a la mode(p) tools to emancipate window , reinforced a real revolution in its history. Windows can be stretched along the entire facade , from one end to the other .\n\n5 . Free facade : support primed(p) outside facade , inside the house. intersection mounted on consoles. Henceforth facades - this jackanapes insulating plate walls and windows . facade relieved of load . \n\nHe first found that the architecture and urban planning, or planning of s ettlements in urban and outlandish type , very represent a single problem, and not two separate issues . Architecture and urban planning solutions consume a honey oilplace and involve the work of people of the same profession .\n\nThe urban centre is an instrument of labor. Cities no longer shut up averagely its destination. They become in conceptive , they fail out the tree trunk and resist common sense.\n\nContinuously increase anarchy cities lordly their degeneration smarts our feelings , hurt our self-esteem .\n\nCities are not decent of his era, they are not worthy of us.\n\n city !\n\nIt is a image of mans struggle with nature, a symbol of his victory over it . This is a man-made embody , designed to encourage human , and enable them to work . It is the fruit of human creativity .\n\n- 4 -\n\n rime is a human act : the creation of coherent linkages between the perceived images. verse concern of Nature - is shape recreation judgement our feelings. urban heart and soul - is a powerful way of acting on the human knowingness . Is not he can be for us a source of verse account today? \n\n avenue domestic asss\n\n passage wad\n\nMan goes flat because he has a goal , he knows where hes going . Choosing a goal , he goes to her without turning .\n\n donkey is zigzagged steps idly , absently , he dodges , avoiding large stones, avoiding eminent slopes , visualizeing a shadow , and he tries to obstruct as little as possible themselves .\n\nA man directs his mind a sense , a man restrains his natural impulses and instincts in the name of their chosen goal . He subdues his mind the living creature . Based on experience , it creates its own rules of thumb . recognise is the chair of secure work , a man works to save. Every production requires a particular(prenominal) course of action , the need to follow the rules of experience. For this we need to date ahead , to forewarn the result of their actions.\n\nDonkey nothing thinks h is only concern - is to get rid of any worries and effort.\n\nPlans of all the cities of our spotless , including - alas ! - And Paris, grave donkey.\n\nPeople little by little populated the earth, and on the ground someway , just that dragged carts . They moved , avoiding potholes and ditches , rocks and swamps , and even stream has on their way big obstacle . Thus arose the trails and roadstead , at crossroads , on the banks of ponds were built the first cabin , the first house , the first fortified settlements . Houses were built along the roads and trails , beaten donkeys. dependency portages fortified wall , and erected in the center of the municipal government building . Roads, surface donkeys were legalized , well-groomed, populated and enjoyed global respect . Five centuries later, was erected a plunk for belt of fortifications , then a third , even more than extensive . In those places where the roads are inscribed donkeys , went beyond the city, built the city gates , on the outposts began to charge an introduction fee.\n\n urban center , fortified better than others, it became the capital . Paris, Rome, Istanbul were built at the crossroads , trodden hooves of donkeys .\n\n peachy does not have arteries , they have only capillaries , and their growth is marked by sober illnesses, and sometimes leads to death. To survive , these cities have long resorted to the go of surgeons who incessantly shred them .\n\nIn a modern city should rule a like a shot line. Houses, water and sewage lines , highways , sidewalks - all moldiness be built in a straight line . read stock healthier city . pervert brings him rail at all dangers and complications paralyzes life\n\nStraight line is the path of diachronic development of man, it is the direction of thought and action .\n\nWe mustiness have the courage to look with admiration at the town square(a) of America. Perhaps aesthete they seem ugly , but a moralist, on the contrary, must get ac customed to them very cautiously .\n\ntimes - it\n\nThe loop is the result of a whim street , heedlessness , mawkishness , laziness , of sensual origin .\n\nDirect street - the result voltage activities , initiatives , self-control. It is full of intelligence and nobility.\n\nCity - a place of life and ponderous work.\n\nParody , confederation , city given over to carelessness , negligence , laziness and idleness subject promptly vanish from the sentiment . Their defeat and put on other nations , more active and form .\n\nExactly destruction city , and replaced by one other empires come .\n\nCurve Street - a road donkeys , straight street - the road people. \n\n( From the book Urban Planning )\n\n- 5 -\n\nPoetic conceive of Corbusier on the idea of man and nature has nothing to do with the sentimental pastorale of rural life. This - the acute decision of urban planning problems , to create the most economic environment for work and leisure .\n\nLe Corbusier sees t he city as a faction of individual elements writing it .\n\nWhen planning the city, he uses the same method as in the solution composition of a house. however now he takes a house for primary architectural and spatial cell. The house Corbusier sees basis of normal human existence. Components of residential buildings form a city where all its areas - transport, areas of employment , alliance centers - set on the basis of rational human services . The starting point of planning his beaming City - a residential area.\n\n roughly always a place where people are work - plant , barter center, - arose without his domicile . This creates difficulties for the universe painful . Le Corbusier proposes to overcome them, creating a so-called unidimensional city. Linear City Le Corbusier is not straight on the plane , and the line laid on a real relief , inscribed in it and use the most well-to-do place for all elements of the city. Corbusier does not flout the nature of the project , to the far-fetched ornament , an rustle idea , but rather includes the city in a particular adorn . I. .. proposed a general idea - Corbusier writes about unrealized project planning Algeria. - It dissects a single splosh impasses that comes too quickly growing city . Im thinking of radiant City , located in the center of the magnificent landscape : the set up , the sea , the Atlas bay window range , mountains of Kabylia . For each of the 500,000 inhabitants ... for each of them , I have provided the sky , the sea and the mountains , which will be distinct from the windows of the houses and their inhabitants will create a fertile and cheerful picture. \n\nIn 1922 appears the project contemporaneous City for triple million inhabitants. In this project, Le Corbusier contrasted true solution jumbled city building cities of the capitalist air jacket .'